Reanalysis of radiation belt electron phase space density using various boundary conditions and loss models

Data assimilation is becoming an increasingly important tool for understanding the near Earth hazardous radiation environments. Reanalysis of the radiation belts can be used to identify the electron acceleration mechanism and distinguish local acceleration from radial diffusion. However, for any practical applications we need to determine how reliable is reanalysis, and how significant is the dependence of the results on the assumptions of the code and choice of boundary conditions. We present the sensitivity of reanalysis of the radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) to the assumed location of the outer boundary, using the VERB code and a Kalman filter. We analyze the sensitivity of reanalysis to changes in the electron-loss throughout the domain, and the sensitivity to the assumed boundary condition and its effect on the innovation vector. All the simulations presented in this study for all assumed loss models and boundary conditions, show that peaks in the phase space density of relativistic electrons build up between 4.5 and 6 R_E during relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. This clearly shows that peaks build up in the heart of the electron radiation belt independent of the assumptions in the model, and that local acceleration is operating there. The work here is also an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions.     

某种新型磁强计在星载部件测试中的应用研究

介绍了一种新型的磁强计，该磁强计用具有零磁滞伸缩系数的非晶态合金薄带作为探头铁心，多谐振荡回路作为磁强计电路。它具有结构简单，操作方便，频率响应范围大（０～５ｋＨｚ）等优点。给出了该磁强计的工作原理，并对其在星载部件测试中的应用进行了探索。     

洛尔定理的推广和柯西中值定理的证明

本文对洛尔定理进行了推广，并给出了柯西中值定量的三种证法。     

浅析素质养成中的礼仪底蕴

社会的发展，历史的进步，使得文明的理念日益深入人心。通过从人格塑造过程中的素质养成问题、素质所具有的特征出发，探讨礼仪文化的意义和底蕴，从而提醒人们在进行素质培养教育的过程中，对外在的表现形式礼仪的重视，以培养和塑造出人们的良好素质。     

布雷顿和卡诺热机循环性能比较(Ⅰ)定常态流恒温热源循环

研究定常态恒温热源热机循环性能，导出内可逆卡诺热机和布雷顿热机的最佳功率、效率关系和最大功率及相应的效率界限，并对这两种热机循环的最优性能进行了比较。理论分析表明，只有当工质的热容率趋于无穷大时，布雷顿循环才能达到卡诺循环的性能。数值计算显示，当布雷顿循环的工质热容率为高、低温侧换热器的热导率总量的1．5倍时，布雷顿循环的功率已为卡诺循环功率的99％以上。     

模糊控制在雷达天线控制系统中的应用

针对目前在雷达天线控制系统中采用数字PID控制存在超调量大、响应时间长等不足，分析比较了数字PID控制和模糊控制的不同特点，介绍了模糊控制在雷达天线控制系统中的应用。     

晃动基座上捷联式惯导系统的对准与标定

 本文提出了一种粗对准姿态阵的实时修正和最小二乘估计相结合的捷联式惯导系统在晃动基座上的对准方法。给出的算法在几种不同的晃动条件下进行了仿真计算,并和经典的陀螺罗经对准法作了比较。结果说明这种方法有效地改善了捷联惯导系统在晃动条件下的对准性能。在同样的模拟环境下,与罗经对准法相比,方位对准时间缩短将近一倍。     

大攻角高速空间密度场显示

在大攻角空气动力学中，三维、非对称流场的密度显示是十分重要的。本文描述在超声速风洞中，应用光学纹影干涉层析术，显示大攻角钝锥的三维密度场的过程，     

共轴反转直升机传动系统构型现状

共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机由共轴反转的两幅旋翼实现悬停和爬升,由尾推进桨实现高速前飞,旋翼不需要倾转,相对倾转式旋翼机可靠性更高,具有较好的发展前景。共轴反转传动系统是共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机的关键传动部件。本文分析了共轴反转传动系统构型原理;针对共轴反转输出功能需求,将共轴反转传动系统分为以圆柱齿轮为基础、以锥齿轮为基础、以面齿轮为基础和以差动轮系为基础实现共轴反转输出的4类传动系统构型。分别论述了4类共轴反转传动系统构型的国内外发展现状、主要特点和型号应用情况,为不同需求共轴式直升机的传动系统构型选型设计提供参考。     

Quasi-parallel collisionless shocks

The magnetic field and plasma data from the ISEE 1, 2, and 3 spacecraft have greatly increased our knowledge of the quasi-parallel collisionless shock in space. Hybrid-code simulations have provided us with valuable insights into the physics of the quasi-parallel shock. Unfortunately, theoretical understanding of the nonlinear physics of the quasi-parallel shock is still in a qualitative stage of development. Generation of large-amplitude whistler waves and hydromagnetic waves observed in the quasi-parallel shock has been discussed either in terms of linear instabilities or qualitative nonlinear arguments. It appears that the ion reflection, ion heating, and leakage of the shock-heated downstream ions at the quasi-parallel shock can all be explained in terms of nonadiabatic scatterings of ions by the large-amplitude whistler-magnetosonic waves with frequencies near the ion gyrofrequency and wavelength near the ion inertial length. The nonadiabatic scattering is defined by the non-conservation of the magnetic moment. Future study of the quasi-parallel shock should focus on developing quantitative theoretical models for the nonlinear physical processes fundamental to the quasi-parallel shock.